Assighob



T. G. SAXTON.'

llsToN.V APPLICATION FlLEpvOCT. 14| i920.

1,410,517, l 1 Patented Mar. 21,1922.

lNVE/vrbn TTG. .Sarra/v A lTTU/MIE YS UNiTsn stares PATENT OFFICE6 THOJIAS GMI SAXTON, OF BOCNTON, NEW' JERSEY, ASSIGNORUF ONE-FOURTH TO l?. GEORG-E CGLEMAN, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK;

i pistons that numerous diiiiculties have been experienced.

, VThe first is to be found in that the side face of the piston contacts with the inner face of the cylinder, and `due tothe restrict ing action of the former within the latter a rapid wearing takes place, which wearing is quite oftenv accelerated by an improper or inefficient lubrication. .Theoretically, the piston does not Ycome in contact with the face of the cylinder, rings being provided for this purpose, which rings are readily removable. However, in practice this is not the case, andthe defect above mentioned comes into being.

The second vital defect is to connection with the Wrist pin. Due to the association of this pin with the piston, a wearing has heretofore occurred, which wearing results lin the pin becoming oval, which was inI turn transmitted to lthe piston opening. j j i With this in view, I have provided a piston .in which certain construction will be embodied, which construction will provide a medium whereby any wear incident to a moving engagement between the piston and cylinder will be reduced to a harmless factor.

Aefurther object of my invention is the construction of apiston which shall embody a wrist pin in which the wear will be reduced to a minimum, and `evenly distributed.-

Reference is had to the attached sheet of drawings as illustrating one practical embodiment of my invention, and in which- Figure 1 is a side view of Ia'piston constructed in accordance with my invention, and showing the same in completed form.

Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure l, but showing some of the parts removed.

Figure 3 is a sectional end view taken along the line 3-3 of Figure l.

Figure 4 is a sectional end View taken along the lines 4&4 of Figure 2, and

be found in Y Speceation of Lettersiratent.y Patgm- Qd wl.. 2l, 1922 `Ap`p1ication led October 14, 192.0. i 4Se ri a1 1-o. 46,974.

`lligure 5 isa fragmentary side View of a pistonconstructed in accordance with my invention;

int-hose views the reference numeral l() indicates the body 'of a piston which is hollow, andy conveniently formed with inwardly eX- tending wrist pin bearings 11, together with a wristportion intermediate its ends.y

The upper end of the piston may be conveniently formed with any suitable number ot 'piston ring grooves l2, which may receive any conventional type of ring 13 for forining a tight seal between the extension chamber and crank case of the engine.-

It is now-to be noted that the reduced or wrist portion of the piston is cut through circumferentially, i.`e.parallel to the upper and'lower edges of the 'samelas at lli,v these cuts being in communication with one another, bygmeans of a 4further cut 15 extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the piston. Thus an apron is provided, which apron forms an integral'portion of the pisw ton itself, andas will be readily appreciated embodies flexible qualities'by virtue of its construction.'

A shoe, preferably of a material softer han that of the cylinder walls or' piston, is now provided-which shoe includes a body portion 16 preferably provided in its outer face with a series of grooves 17 which may be either turned or rolled, and serve as oil carriers.' ll'urther., it will be noted, as has been lillustrated in Figure 3, that the shoe 16 is formed in two sections, the abutting' edges of the shoes being further formed with a step-cut' 18, as illustrated in Figure l, or a diagonalcut 19, as has been illustrated in '.l*.`i g1'11"e.5.V

Thus it-willv be 'seen that l have devised a sectional shoe a portion of which is preferably utilized, in connection with my im? proved piston, the portions of said shoe being of such a construction that'they will cooperate with and be retained. upon the body ofthe piston.

It will' further b'e notedthat the abutting edges of the shoe-sections are conveniently arranged at points intermediate the wrist pin bearings 11, and ity will be understood thatby virtue of the resilient construction embodied by thelfiexible skirts 22 of the piston that the shoe will be forced ont-y wardly at points at which its inner face is en aged by theskirt.

o further effect an expansion in all d1- rections ahollow wrist in 20 maybe conveniently positioned in t e bearingsll, and an expans1on spring 21 is, in this mstance mounted within the sleeve thus formed, and has its outer ends bearing against the inner faces of abutting shoe. sections at points approximately intermediate the extremities of each, thus effecting a pressure at these points also.

It will be obvious, that an suitable medium may be utilized for regu ating the tension exerted by the flexible skirts or aprons 22, such as for example, screws 28 having theirfhea'ds engaging the skirt 22, their inner ends conveniently co-acting with a fixed portion of the piston, such as thewrist pin bearin 11.

y the construction described, it will be appreciated that I have constructed a piston in which 'skirts are provided, which skirts are lresilient, thus tending' t0 force their outer faces against the walls of the cylinder.

By providing a shoe, ada ted to over-lie the skirt, and by forming t 'e former of a material softer than the cylinder, this shoe will bev forced against the inner face of the `piston and will receive all ofthe wear incident to the motion between the piston and the cylinder, whereby no damage will result in o Veration to either the piston or cylinder.

Tiiis action, as will bel well appreclated, is due tothe resiliency of the skirts'or aprons 22, and the expansion spring 21, vthe tension of the former being susceptible to variation by means of the screws 23 or other adjusting element, the latter byutilizing a spring Suitable for this purpose.

The wrist pin, by virtue of my invention, becomes ully floating, in view of the fact that no cross-head pin is necessary for securing this member in applied position, thus, all'ofthe` racket and uneven wearing incident tothe conventional type of wrist pin resulting .in an oval wearing of the pin, and being hollow is eliminated.j

Obviously numerous modifications of structure might readilyl be resorted to without in the least departin from the spirit of myinvention, whichIfc -aim asf- I. 4A piston including' a receed body portion, resilient apronsforming a partiof the recessed portiono said bbd-y, and means for vnormally coniningsaiii aprons. Y

2.y Af piston, including a body portion, re silient aprons forming a part off said body portion, and aflshoeadapted te' encircle said spoons.-

3;l Aipistens, including abcd formed with a receedportion in its outer ace, said body portion:I presenting-'resilient aprons within seid i portion,- amda shoe adapted to: enen-ele ther bbdy of said `piston and-to seat within the recessed portion of the same.

4. A piston, including a body formed wit-h a recessed portion, said recessed p0rtion being cut circumferentiall of the piston, and being further forme with a cut longitudinally of the same, said latter cut communicating with the circumferential cuts, whereb to form a resilient apron, and a shoe adiipted to encircle said apron.

5. A piston; including a body formed with a recessed portion, said recessed por tion being cut circumferentiall ofthe piston, and being'further forme with a cut longitudinally ofthe same, said latter cut communicating with the circumferential cuts whereb to form a resilient apron, a shoe adaptedy to encircle said apron, and means for regulating the tension exerted by -said spring.

6. piston, includin a body formed with a plurality of circum erentially `extending slots, al plurality of' longitudinally extending slots intersecting said circumferentially extending slots, whereby to provide a lu- 'rality of resilient aprons, a shoe, adapte to encircle said piston, and to have its inner face engaged by said aprons.

7. A' iston, includin a body formed-with a plurality-of circum erentially exten'dn slots, a plurality of longitudinally exten ing` slots intersecting said circumferentially extending slots, whereby to provide a plurality of e'resilient aprons, a shoe formed with a plurality of sections adapted' to encircle said'piston, andfto haveits inner face engage by saidaprons.

8. A piston, includ-ing a lbody formed with aplurality of circumferentially extending slots, a plurality of lon 'tudinally extending slots intersectingy sai circumferentially extending slots, whereby to rovida; `lurality ofresiliientaprons, a sgae adapte to encircle said "piston'and to haye its inner face engaged by said aprons,an`rl means ex# tending from a pointadjacent the free ed of said aprons vand' a lixedfportion of t |e piston forV regulating they tension of'the former.

9. VA iston inclilding a body, lresilient aprons 'rming a partici said body, a shoe adapted to encircle said body and resilient aprons, said shoe presenting a plurality of sections having their abutting edges extendingd'iagonally, the outer ends of each ofsaidsections extending'be'yond the point occupiedfby the outermost end of "the next adjacent section.

10.115 piston includingra body formed with openings at diametrically opposite points, a lhollow wrist pin having its ends extending into' said openings, and being free to move within the same, a llurality of shbes envelo ingsaid piston and against the en soif said 'wrist pin `whereby to retain the same in applied position, each of said shoes being formed With diagonal end edges adapted to abut against 'the similarly formed edges of the next adjacent shoe, and a spring Within said Wrist pin for engaging the inner faces of said shoes and pressing the same outwardly.

11. A piston including a body portion, resilient aprons forming a part of said body portion, and screws secured to the outer ends 10 ol' said aprons and having their inner ends engaging the body of said piston for regulating the tension of said aprons.

THOS. GMI SAXTON. 

